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Digital Anastylosis of Frescoes challeNgE (DAFNE)
Dataset ANASTYLOSIS DB1 - for development


Dataset characteristics. The dataset provided (ANASTYLOSIS DB1 for development and ANASTYLOSIS DB2 for testing) will be available to registered participants on different specified dates. Their use is restricted to the fulfilment of the challenge’s objectives and related papers publication. The dataset for the development phase includes, for each fresco, a set of fragments and the expected reconstructed image, while the dataset for the testing phase includes, for each fresco, a set of fragments but does not provide the corresponding reconstructed image.
The datasets are designed to be realistic, natural and challenging for cultural heritage domains in terms of their resolution, diversity in scenes, and pictorial assets. The fragments are obtained from each fresco through a random plane tessellation with suitable statistics (uniform or with a few clusters as shown in the Annex), with an erosion process applied to each fragment.
The datasets' distinguishing characteristics are quantized by the following five basic parameters:
• A: number of fragments
• B: type of random distribution
• C: percentage of missing fragments
• D: percentage of spurious fragments
• E: average ratio between the fragment area after the erosion and the original area in the fresco plane tessellation.
Acknowledgements. The dataset collection is supported by the Challenge Committee. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the datasets are those of the organizers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
Citation Information. If you make use of the datasets provided for this challenge, please use the citation for the ICIAP conference and the dedicated “Virtual Special Issue” of Pattern Recognition Letters.

Dataset downloads


• The following archives (DAFNE ANASTYLOSIS DB1 dataset) are available for the development phase of DAFNE. Their use is restricted to the fulfilment of the challenge’s objectives and related papers publication.

For each fresco you will find: an image of the original fresco and 18 folders, each one containing a set of fragments - randomly generated - to be reassembled, eventually mixed with spurious elements (PNG files in the folder frag_eroded - each file is a fragment), a list of the co-ordinates of the exact location and orientation of the fragments correctly placed in the reconstructed image (fragments.txt), a list of the spurious fragments (fragments_s.txt), the parameters used for the simulated fresco fragmentation (parameters.txt), and the solution consisting in the image of the original fresco with a grey background, with overlapping coloured fragments (rebuilt_image.png).

As soon as they are available new images will be added to the dataset.
Please, find new cases added on April 4th, 2019 (7 frescoes).

  1. Barna da Siena, The Annunciation, 1340, fresco, (Collegiate Church of San Gimignano, Italy) - source file: (8815x5721 pixels, 600 pixels/inch) - from 1951 to 2642 fragments - 2.2 GB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  2. Barna da Siena, The Annunciation - detail, 1340, fresco, (Collegiate Church of San Gimignano, Italy) - source file: (3910x2692 pixels, 600 pixels/inch) - from 694 to 894 fragments - 599 MB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  3. Sandro Botticcelli, Punishment of the Rebels, 1480-82, fresco, (Cappellone degli Spagnoli, Basilica di Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2048x1269 pixels, 96 pixels/inch) - from 302 to 1136 fragments - 118 MB
  4. Andrea di Bonaiuto, Allegory of the Active and Triumphant Church and the Dominican order, 1365-1367, fresco, 348,5x570 cm (The Spanish Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy) - source file: (4851x3816 pixels, 1200 pixels/inch) - from 1869 to 2484 fragments - 1.4 GB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  5. Fra Angelico, Mocking of Christ, 1438-1440, fresco, 195x159 cm (Convento di San Marco, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2536x3172 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 530 to 2103 fragments - 364 MB
  6. Fra Angelico, Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, 1438-1440, fresco, 151x131 cm (Museo nazionale di San Marco, Florence) - source file: (2536x2962 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 326 to 2136 fragments - 387 MB
  7. Fra Angelico, The Annunciation, 1438-47, fresco, 230x321 cm (Convento di San Marco, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2536x3024 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 331 to 1738 fragments - 347 MB
  8. Fra Angelico, Transfiguration, 1438-1440, fresco, 189x159 cm (Museo nazionale di San Marco, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2536x3013 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 655 to 2082 fragments - 433 MB
  9. Domenico Ghirlandaio, Slaughter of the Innocents, 1485-90, fresco, (Cappella Tornabuoni, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2621x1741 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 323 to 1912 fragments - 298 MB
  10. Giotto, Adoration of the Magi, 1303-1305, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (1000x1008 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 96 to 368 fragments - 59 MB
  11. Giotto, Ascension of St. John, 1318-1322 (Cappella Peruzzi, Basilica di Santa Croce, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2560x1622 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 559 to 1244 fragments - 246 MB
  12. Giotto, Entry into Jerusalem, 1303-1305, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (1000x941 pixels – resolution 72 pixels/inch) - from 122 to 367 fragments - 60 MB
  13. Giotto, Kiss of Judas, 1303-1305, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (3371×3287 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 735 to 1763 fragments - 678 MB
  14. Giotto, Lamentation of the Death of Christ, 1303-1305 circa, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (1000x925 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 120 to 370 fragments - 68 MB
  15. Giotto, Massacre of the Innocents, 1304-1305, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (2024x2047 pixels – resolution 96pixels/inch) - from 410 to 1500 fragments - 189 MB
  16. Giotto, Raising of Lazarus, 1304-1306, fresco, 200x185 cm (Cappella degli Scrovegni, Padua, Italy) - source file: (1000×935 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 110 to 346 fragments - 56 MB
  17. Giovanni da Modena, Journey of the Magi, 1412-1415, fresco (Cappella Bolognini, Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna, Italy) - source file: (1300x949 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 104 to 391 fragments - 81 MB
  18. Giovanni da Modena, The Appearance of the Star, 1412, fresco, (Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna, Italy) - source file: (1195x936 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 127 to 206 fragments - 84 MB
  19. Giovanni da Modena, The Return of the Magi, 1412, fresco, (Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna, Italy) - source file: (1107x770 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 112 to 199 fragments - 59 MB
  20. Benozzo Gozzoli, Procession of the Youngest King, 1459-60, fresco, 405x516 cm (Cappella dei Magi, Palazzo Medici Riccardi, Florence, Italy) - source file: (1469x1144 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 102 to 672 fragments - 119 MB
  21. Bernardino Lanzani, Saint Anthony protects the city of Pavia during the siege of the French in 1522, 1522-1524, fresco, (Chiesa di San Teodoro, Pavia, Italy) - source file: (2440x2524 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 336 to 1742 fragments - 464 MB
  22. Leonardo da Vinci, The last supper, 1495-1498, 460x880 cm, (Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy) - source file: (5193x2926 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 455 to 856 fragments - 1.1 GB
  23. Filippo Lippi, Disputation in the Synagogue, fresco, 1452-1465, (Prato Cathedral, Italy) - source file: (1271x770pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 122 to 326 fragments - 62 MB
  24. Filippino Lippi, Disputation with Simon Magus and Crucifixion of St. Peter, 1482-1485, fresco, 230x598 cm (Cappella Brancacci, Basilica di Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2123x821 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 357 to 754 fragments - 116 MB
  25. Filippino Lippi e Masaccio, Saint Peter sitting in his chair, 1424-26 e 1489-91, (Cappella Brancacci, Chiesa di Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2138x825 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 245 to 711 fragments - 107 MB
  26. Luca Longhi, Wedding at Cana, 1580, fresco, (Classense Library, Ravenna, Italy) - source file: (2351x1301 pixels, 200 pixels/inch) - from 350 to 534 fragments - 170 MB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  27. Andrea Mantegna, Camera picta, 1465-1474, fresco, 300x800 cm (Castello di San Giorgio, Mantova, Italy) - source file: (1700x1174 pixels – resolution 72 pixels/inch) - from 163 to 598 fragments - 158 MB
  28. Andrea Mantegna, The Martyrdom and transporting the body of Saint Christopher, 1454-1457, fresco, (Cappella Ovetari, Chiesa degli Eremitani, Padova) - source file: (1696x1700 pixels – resolution 72 pixels/inch) - from 308 to 1110 fragments - 192 MB
  29. Masaccio, Baptism of the neophytes, 1427-1480, fresco, 230x599 cm (Basilica di Santa Maria del Carmine, Cappella Brancacci, Florence, Italy) - source file: (1915x2427 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 312 to 634 fragments - 247 MB
  30. Masaccio, Raising of the Son of Teophilus and St. Peter Enthroned, 1427-1480, fresco, 230x599 cm (Basilica di Santa Maria del Carmine, Cappella Brancacci, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2111x864 pixels – resolution 300pixels/inch) - from 222 to 420 fragments - 115 MB
  31. Masaccio, St. Peter Healing the Sick with His Shadow, 1425-1427, fresco, 230x162 cm (Basilica di Santa Maria del Carmine, Cappella Brancacci, Florence, Italy) - source file: (810x1200 pixels – resolution 72pixels/inch) - from 101 to 371 fragments - 68 MB
  32. Masaccio, The Tribute Money, 1425, fresco, 255x598 cm (Basilica di Santa Maria del Carmine, Cappella Brancacci, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2200x1015 pixels – resolution 300pixels/inch) - from 198 to 781 fragments - 144 MB
  33. Masolino da Panicale, The healing of the cripple and Raising of Tabitha, 1424-1425, fresco, 260x599 cm (Cappella Brancacci, Chiesa di Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy) - source file: (2112x1080 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 150 to 775 fragments - 137 MB
  34. Michelangelo, Ezekiel, 1510, fresco, 355x380 cm (Sistine Chapel, Vatican City) - source file: (2558x3000 pixels, 400 pixels/inch) - from 687 to 1077 fragments - 496 MB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  35. Michelangelo, The creation of Adam, 1512 circa, fresco, 280x570 cm (Sistine Chapel’s ceiling, Vatican City) - source file: (1707x775 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 98 to 535 fragments - 89 MB
  36. Michelangelo, The Deluge - detail, 1508-1509, fresco, 280x570 cm (Sistine Chapel, Vatican City) - source file: (4459x6751 pixels, 1200 pixels/inch) - from 1242 to 1732 fragments - 2.3 GB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  37. Michelangelo, The Last Judgement, 1536-1541, fresco, 13.7 m x 12 m (Sistine Chapel, Vatican City) - source file: (3991x4395 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 1782 to 2417 fragments - 1.1 GB >> NEW, April 4th, 2019 <<
  38. Cesare Nebbia, Pilgrimage of Charles to Turin to worship the Shroud and meeting with the dukes of Savoy, 1603-1604, fresco (Salone degli affreschi, Collegio Borromeo, Pavia, Italy) - source file: (959x1128 pixels, 400 pixels/inch) - from 93 to 526 fragments - 73 MB
  39. Cesare Nebbia, Relocation of the Holy Bodies, 1603-1604, fresco (Salone degli affreschi, Collegio Borromeo, Pavia, Italy) - source file: (4933x3856 pixels – 600 pixels/inch) - from 457 to 999 fragments - 1 GB
  40. Cesare Nebbia, The Plague of Milan, 1604, fresco (Salone degli affreschi, Collegio Borromeo, Pavia, Italy) - source file: (1378x1018 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 97 to 554 fragments - 110 MB
  41. Pietro Perugino, Baptism of Christ, 1482 circa, fresco, 335x540 cm (Sistine Chapel, Rome, Italy) - source file: (2352x1494 pixels, 600 pixels/inch) - from 331 to 1181 fragments - 207 MB
  42. Pietro Perugino, Christ Handing the Keys to Saint Peter, 1481, fresco, 335x550 cm (Cappella Sistina, Vatican City) - source file: (2347x1438 pixels, 600 pixels/inch) - from 316 to 1150 fragments - 166 MB
  43. Piero della Francesca, Exaltation of the Cross, 1452-66, fresco, 390x747 cm (Basilica di San Francesco, Arezzo, Italy) - source file: (1239x900 pixels – resolution 300pixels/inch) - from 109 to 492 fragments - 70 MB
  44. Piero della Francesca, Exaltation of the Cross - detail, 1452-66, fresco, (Basilica di San Francesco, Arezzo, Italy) - source file: (1000x1170pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 166 to 524 fragments - 75 MB
  45. Piero della Francesca, Resurrection, 1460, fresco, 225x200 cm (Museo Civico, Sansepolcro, Italy) - source file: (730x826 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 87 to 147 fragments - 44 MB
  46. Pisanello, Saint George and the Princess, 1433-1438, fresco, 223x430 cm (Chiesa di Santa Anastasia, Verona, Italy) - source file: (1280x924 pixels – resolution 72pixels/inch) - from 132 to 540 fragments - 78 MB
  47. Raffaello Sanzio, The School of Athens, 1509-1511, fresco, 500x770 cm (Apostolic Palace, Vatican City) - source file: (1280x993 pixels – resolution 72 pixels/inch) - from 165 to 508 fragments - 88 MB
  48. Raffaello Sanzio, The Triumph of Galatea, 1512, fresco, (Villa Farnesina, Rome, Italy) - source file: (2024x2657 pixels, 96 pixels/inch) - from 416 to 777 fragments - 307 MB
  49. Luca Signorelli, Benedict Drives the Devil out of a Stone - detail, 1497-98, (Abbazia di Monte Oliveto Maggiore, Asciano, Italy) - source file: (3872×2592 pixels, 240 pixels/inch) - from 488 to 831 fragments - 571 MB
  50. Luca Signorelli, The Conversion of Saint Paul, 1477-1480, fresco, (Sagrestia di San Giovanni, Santuario della Santa Casa, Loreto, Italy) - source file: (1451x1224 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 100 to 572 fragments - 117 MB
  51. Luca Signorelli, The Damned Cast into Hell, fresco, 1499-1502, (Cappella di San Brizio, Duomo di Orvieto, Italy) - source file: (1010x700 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 88 to 337 fragments - 46 MB
  52. Tarquinia, Etruscan art, Three musicians, fresco, 473 B.C., (Tomba dei Leopardi, Tarquinia, Italy) - source file: (1280x853 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 65 to 387 fragments - 79 MB
  53. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Banquet of Cleopatra, 1746-1747, fresco, 650 300 cm (Palazzo Labia, Venice, Italy) - source file: (802x1134 pixels, 72 pixels/inch) - from 102 to 351 fragments - 55 MB
  54. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Institution of the Rosary, 1737-39, fresco, 1200x450 cm (Santa Maria del Rosario, Venice, Italy) - source file: (850x1231 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 221 to 376 fragments - 66 MB
  55. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, The Institution of the Rosary - detail, 1737-39, fresco (Santa Maria del Rosario, Venice, Italy) - source file: (940x1300 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 122 to 211 fragments - 77 MB
  56. Tiziano, The Healing of the Wrathful Son, 1511, fresco, 340 x 207 cm (Scuola del Santo, Padua, Italy) - source file: (1000x1275 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 140 to 545 fragments - 74 MB
  57. Giorgio Vasari, Birth of Venus, 1555/1557, fresco, 691x285 cm (Palazzo Vecchio Museum, Florence, Italy) - source file: (4769x1881 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 571 to 1648 fragments - 528 MB
  58. Giorgio Vasari, Capture of Porto Ercole, 1568/1570, fresco, 610x760 cm (Palazzo Vecchio Museum, Florence, Italy) - source file: (1890x2324 pixels – resolution 96 pixels/inch) - from 333 to 1238 fragments - 270 MB
  59. Giorgio Vasari, Paul III Farnese Directing the Continuance of St Peter’s, 1546, fresco, (Palazzo della Cancellaria, Rome, Italy) - source file: (1006x759 pixels – resolution 300 pixels/inch) - from 85 to 313 fragments - 49 MB
  60. Paolo Veronese, Figures behind the Parapet, 1560-61, fresco, (Villa Barbaro, Maser, Italy) - source file: (1100x939 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 112 to 209 fragments - 68 MB
  61. Paolo Veronese, Landscape, 1560-61, fresco, (Villa Barbaro, Maser, Italy) - source file: (754x1500 pixels, 300 pixels/inch) - from 122 to 213 fragments - 72 MB
  62. Federico Zuccari, The Cardinal's hat conferred on Saint Charles Borromeo, 1603-1604, fresco (Salone degli affreschi, Collegio Borromeo, Pavia, Italy) - source file: (3440x2459 pixels, 900 pixels/inch) - from 605 to 1073 fragments - 670 MB



Copyright
These images are provided for non-profit purposes and their use is restricted to DAFNE registered participants for the fulfilment of the challenge’s objectives. Images 38, 39, 40 and 62 are kindly provided by the Collegio Borromeo, Pavia - Italy; all the other images of frescoes located out of Pavia are from Wikipedia, labeled for public domain (as verified on February 27, 2019).


• Please download DAFNE ANASTYLOSIS DB2 dataset for the testing phase (available from June 3, 2019)

Support and contact
For any questions, please contact: daf-challenge-group@unipv.it